How to prevent loss of teeth?

Some bacteria that make up the plaque may be the cause of diseases that can affect either the teeth or supporting tissues of teeth. Periodontal disease, commonly known as the "tooth loss",  does not directly tackle the teeth but the tissues around them, even if the tooth was perfectly healthy.

The buildup of plaque that contains bacteria that causes periodontal disease, in a first step, the onset of inflammation in the gingiva: the gingivitis. This is reflected by red, swollen gums that may bleed easily during brushing or spontaneously. Gingivitis is not necessarily painful but it can not be healed without proper treatment.

Indeed, beside bacteria, many aggravating factors can exacerbate gingivitis. First, the tartar which irritate the gum tissue, making it more difficult to remove plaque by brushing. There are also other risk factors such as smoking, stress, diabetes or family history of periodontal disease. Unlike caries disease, excess of sweets (candy, soda) has little impact on periodontal disease.

Optimization brushing

The gum diseases are conditions that affect a large portion of the population and are often neglected. But their treatment is simple and mainly based on optimization of plaque control by brushing. For this, the first thing is to respect the time and frequency of brushing. While it is now admitted by all that brushing for two to three times a day is the rule for maintaining good oral hygiene, brushing time is often too short to allow rigorous removal of the plate, especially in inaccessible areas such as molars, or the inner surfaces of the teeth.

The three minutes of brushing can be long enough, but they are necessary if one wants to be in the context of prevention of caries risk and periodontal diseases. Appropriate equipment adapted for brushing technique advised by your dentist can remove plaque while respecting the gum.

Similarly, one or several sessions of scaling may be necessary to thoroughly remove tartar that moves around and between teeth. Within days, the gums will be less red and less sensitive and bleeding will disappear in a few weeks, provided of course the keeping a careful brushing. The regular cleanings at a rate of once or twice a year, are also required to maintain long-term results and allow the doctor to give proper advice and prevent recidivism.

If gingivitis is installed permanently, inflammation, previously limited to the gums, can reach deeper tissues supporting the teeth and cause irreversible destruction of part of the bone. This is periodontitis, which, if untreated, lead to tooth loss. The rate of disease progression is highly variable from one patient to another depending on the form of the disease (chronic or aggressive periodontitis) and extent (localized or generalized). The average age of onset is around the quarantine but may be earlier in the aggressive forms where the potential for destruction is much more important.

Clinically, this results in inflammation of the gums (although it may be hidden among smokers), retraction of the gums revealing tooth roots, opening a black hole between your teeth or changes in the position of teeth. Abscesses and tooth mobility may also occur and are often correlated to a significant destruction of supporting tissues.

The treatment of periodontitis is much more complex than that of gingivitis. It should initially stop the infection by local treatment (scaling, root planing or periodontal surgery in cases of advanced severe lesions) associated with plaque control must be very efficient (with a systematic use of interdental brushes in addition to the brush).

The treatment of periodontitis can not recover the bone destroyed by the disease but only halt the progress and strengthen the supporting tissues which is still present. It is therefore imperative to treat periodontitis in early stages, when the destruction is still moderate in order to maintain lasting effect on bones and teeth and ensure their continued presence in the mouth. Once periodontal infection controlled, it will repair the aesthetic and functional sequelae and this often involves prosthetic and orthodontic treatment. A careful follow-up every three or six months, will then be necessary for life to maintain results and prevent recurrence.

The teeth and their supporting tissues are a precious asset that must be taken care of because they are part of the health of the rest of our body. It is now recognized that untreated periodontal diseases represent a major risk factor for premature deliveries of babies with low weight gain in women, or increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

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